Monday, September 16, 2013

List of pastoral visits of Pope John Paul II outside Italy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

List of pastoral visits of Pope John Paul II outside Italy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


List of pastoral visits of Pope John Paul II outside Italy

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Map details visits outside of Europe (Polish language)
During his reign, Pope John Paul II ("The Pilgrim Pope") made 104 foreign trips, more than all previous popes combined. In total he logged more than 1,167,000 km (725,000 mi). He consistently attracted large crowds on his travels, some among the largest ever assembled. While some of his trips (such as to the United States and the Holy Land) were to places previously visited by Pope Paul VI (the first pope to travel widely), many others were to countries that no pope had ever previously visited.
Pope John Paul II’s World Travels:[1]

1979
1. January 25–February 1
Dominican Republic and Mexico
2. June 2–10
Poland
3. September 29–October 7
Ireland and United States
4. November 28–30
Turkey

1980
5. May 2–12
Zaire, Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Ghana, Republic of Upper Volta and Ivory Coast
6. May 30–June 2
France
7. June 30–July 12
Brazil
8. November 15–19
West Germany

1981
9. February 16–27
Philippines, Guam, and Japan

1982
10. February 12–19
Nigeria, Benin, Gabon, and Equatorial Guinea
11. May 12–15
Portugal (including Fátima)
12. May 28–June 2
Great Britain
13. June 10–13
Argentina
14. June 15
Switzerland
15. August 29
San Marino
16. October 31–November 9
Spain

1983
17. March 2–10
Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras and Haiti
18. June 16–23
Poland
19. August 14–15
Lourdes in France
20. September 10–13
Austria

1984
21. May 2–12
South Korea, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Thailand
22. June 12–17
Switzerland
23. September 9–20
Canada
24. October 10–12
Spain, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico

1985
25. January 26–February 6
Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago
26. May 11–21
Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg
27. August 8–19
Togo, Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Zaire, Kenya, Morocco
28. September 8
Liechtenstein

1986
29. February 1–February 10
India
30. July 1–8
Colombia, St. Lucia
31. October 4–7
France
32. November 19–December 1
Australia, New Zealand, Bangladesh, Fiji, Singapore, Seychelles

1987
33. March 31–April 13
Uruguay, Chile, Argentina
34. April 30–May 4
West Germany
35. June 8–14
Poland
36. September 10–20
United States and Canada

1988
37. May 7–18
Uruguay, Bolivia, Peru, Paraguay
38. June 23–27
Austria
39. September 10–19
Zimbabwe, Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland, Mozambique, detour through South Africa
40. October 8–11
France

1989
41. April 28–May 6
Madagascar, Réunion, Zambia, and Malawi
42. June 1–10
Norway, Iceland, Finland, Denmark, Sweden
43. August 19–21
Spain
44. October 6–16
South Korea, Indonesia, East Timor, Mauritius

1990
45. January 25–February 1
Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Burkina Faso, Chad
46. April 21–22
Czechoslovakia
47. May 6–13
Mexico, Curaçao
48. May 25–27
Malta
49. September 1–10
Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Ivory Coast

1991
50. May 10–13
Portugal
51. June 1–9
Poland
52. August 13–20
Poland, Hungary
53. October 12–21
Brazil

1992
54. February 19–26
Senegal, Gambia, Guinea
55. June 4–10
Angola, São Tomé and Príncipe
56. October 9–14
Dominican Republic

1993
57. February 3–10
Benin, Uganda, Sudan
58. April 25
Albania
59. June 12–17
Spain
60. August 9–16
Jamaica, Mexico, United States
61. September 4–10
Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia

1994
62. September 10–11
Croatia

1995
63. January 12–21
Philippines, Australia, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka
64. May 20–22
Czech Republic, Poland
65. June 3–4
Belgium
66. June 30
Slovakia
67. September 14–20
Cameroon, Kenya, South Africa
68. October 4–8
United States

1996
69. February 5–12
Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Venezuela
70. April 14
Tunisia
71. May 17–19
Slovenia
72. June 21–23
Germany
73. September 6–7
Hungary
74. September 19–22
France

1997
75. April 12–13
Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
76. April 25–27
Czech Republic
77. May 10–11
Lebanon
78. May 31–June 10
Poland
79. August 21–24
France
80. October 2–5
Brazil

1998
81. January 21–25
Cuba
82. March 21–23
Nigeria
83. June 19–21
Austria
84. October 2–4
Croatia

1999
85. January 22–25
Mexico City in Mexico
January 26–27
St. Louis, Missouri
86. May 7–9
Romania
87. June 5–17
Poland
88. September 19
Slovenia
89. November 5–9
New Delhi, India, and Tbilisi in Georgia

2000
90. Feb. 24–26
Egypt
91. March 20–26
Jordan, Israel and Palestinian Autonomous Territories
92. May 12–13
Fátima in Portugal

2001
93.(a) May 4–5
Athens in Greece
93.(b) May 5–6
Syria
93.(c) May 8–9
Malta
94. June 23–27
Ukraine
95. September 22–27
Armenia and Kazakhstan

2002
96. May 22–26
Azerbaijan and Bulgaria
97. July 23–August 1
Canada, Guatemala, and Mexico
98. August 16–19
Poland

2003
99. May 3–4
Spain
100. June 5–9
Croatia
101. June 22
Bosnia and Herzegovina
102.September 11-14
Slovakia

2004
103. June 5-6
Switzerland
104. August 14-15
Lourdes in France

Nations visited by Pope John Paul II

Countries visited[edit source | editbeta]


Pastoral trips of Pope John Paul II
Pope John Paul II visited 129[2][3] countries during his time as pope:

1970s[edit source | editbeta]


Millions cheer Pope John Paul II during his first visit to Poland as pontiff

Pope John Paul II, during his first U.S. visit in 1979, at Yankee Stadium, New York City
Two of John Paul II's earliest official visits were to Mexico in January 1979 and Poland in June 1979.[6] While there he held Mass in Victory Square in Warsaw before 3 million of his countrymen.
The Pope's visit to Ireland on 29 September drew immense crowds. 1,250,000 people, one quarter of the population of the island of Ireland, one third of the population of the Republic of Ireland, attended the opening Mass of the visit in Dublin's Phoenix Park. Over 250,000 attended a Liturgy of the Word in Drogheda later that evening. Hundreds of thousands lined the streets of Dublin that night for a motorcade from Dublin Airport to the Presidential Residence in the Phoenix Park.
The following day, Sunday 30 September, included Masses in Galway (300,000), Knock (450,000) and a stop over at the monastic ruins of Clonmacnois (20,000). The final day of the visit began with a visit to the National Seminary in Maynooth (attended by 80,000). The final Mass of the visit was at Greenpark Racecourse in Limerick in the south of the country before 400,000 people which was more than had been expected.
John Paul II made his first visit to the United States in October 1979. He arrived in Boston on 1 October. The next two days were spent in New York City, where he addressed the United Nations General Assembly, spoke to students gathered at Madison Square Garden, and conducted Mass at the original Yankee Stadium[7][8] for 75,000 people[9] as well as at Shea Stadium to an audience of over 52,000.[10] He arrived in Philadelphia on 3 October and Des Moines, Iowa on the next day before arriving in Chicago. There he celebrated Mass in Grant Park, met with civic leaders and Chicago's Polish community. Chicago was the largest Catholic archdiocese in the United States at the time and the home of the largest Polish community outside of Poland.[11] He concluded his pilgrimage to the U.S. in Washington, D.C. where he became the first Pope to visit the White House. He was greeted warmly by President Jimmy Carter, and they met privately in the Oval Office.
VoyageDateNations VisitedNotes
125 January-1 February 1979 Dominican Republic
 Mexico
 The Bahamas
Attended the Third General Conference of the Latin American Bishops
22–10 June 1979 Poland
329 September-8 October 1979 Ireland
 United States
Centenary of the Knock apparitions
428–30 November 1979 Turkey

1980s[edit source | editbeta]

On 2 June 2, 1980, he made a pilgrimage to Lisieux in northern France, the home town of St. Therese of the Child Jesus of the Holy Face.[12] In 1997 he declared St. Therese the third woman Doctor of the Church.[13] His 1980 visit to France was the first by a pope since 1814 and his journey to West Germany in November 1980 was the first since 1782.[14]

The Pope with American President Ronald Reagan and First Lady Nancy Reagan, 1982
On 18 February 1981, he beatified several martyrs, including those later sainted, St. Lorenzo Ruiz and Magdalene of Nagasaki, in Manila. This was the first beatification to be held outside Vatican City. He became the first reigning pope to travel to the United Kingdom in 1982, where he met Queen Elizabeth II, the Supreme Governor of the Church of England. This trip was in danger of being cancelled due to the then current Falklands War (Spanish: Guerra de las Malvinas/Guerra del Atlántico Sur), against which he spoke out during the visit. In a dramatic symbolic gesture, he knelt in prayer alongside Archbishop of Canterbury Robert Runcie, in the See of the Church of England, Canterbury Cathedral, founded by St Augustine of Canterbury. They prayed at the site of the martyrdom of St. Thomas Becket, meant as a show of friendship between the Roman Catholic and Anglican Churches. Pope John Paul II was the first Pontiff to visit Scotland. 300,000 of the Roman Catholic minority in that country celebrated Mass with the Pope at Bellahoustan Park. On this visit the Pope faced protest from Protestant Pastor Jack Glass and his followers. This visit had to be balanced for fairness with an unscheduled trip to Argentina that June.[15]
Throughout his trips, he stressed his devotion to the Virgin Mary through visits to various shrines to the Virgin Mary, notably Knock in Ireland, Fatima in Portugal, Guadalupe in Mexico, and Lourdes in France.
In 1984, John Paul became the first Pope to visit Puerto Rico. Stands were specially erected for him at Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport in San Juan, where he met with governor Carlos Romero Barceló, and at Plaza Las Americas.
The pope made a pastoral trip to Singapore in 1986, and was warmly received by the Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew in the Istana. Following that, the Pope made pastoral speeches concerning the Catholic doctrines in the National Stadium of Singapore, which was viewed by a large audience.
VoyageDateNations VisitedNotes
52–12 May 1980Template:Country data Zaïre
 Republic of the Congo
 Kenya
 Ghana
 Upper Volta
 Côte d'Ivoire
630 May-2 June 1980 France
730 June-12 July 1980 Brazil
815–19 November 1980 West Germany
916–27 February 1981 Pakistan
 Philippines
 Guam
 Japan
 United States
Includes stopovers in Karachi and Anchorage
1012–19 February 1982 Nigeria
 Benin
 Gabon
 Equatorial Guinea
1112–15 May 1982 Portugal
1228 May-2 June 1982 United Kingdom
1310–13 June 1982 Brazil
 Argentina
Includes stopover in Rio de Janeiro
1415 June 1982  SwitzerlandAddressed the 68th Session of the International Workers Conference
1529 August 1982 San Marino
1631 October-9 November 1982 Spain
172–10 March 1983 Portugal
 Costa Rica
 Nicaragua
 Honduras
 Panama
 El Salvador
 Guatemala
 Belize
 Haiti
Includes stopover in Lisbon
1816–23 June 1983 Poland
1914–15 August 1983 France
2010–13 September 1983 Austria
212–12 May 1984 United States
 South Korea
 Papua New Guinea
 Solomon Islands
 Thailand
Includes stopover in Fairbanks[16]
2212–17 June 1984  Switzerland
239–20 September 1984 Canada
2410–13 October 1984 Spain
 Dominican Republic
 Puerto Rico
2526 January-6 February 1985 Ecuador
 Peru
 Venezuela
 Trinidad and Tobago
2611–21 May 1985 Netherlands
 Luxembourg
 Belgium
278–19 August 1985 Togo
 Côte d'Ivoire
 Cameroon
 Central African Republic
 Zaire
 Kenya
 Morocco
288 September 1985  Switzerland
 Liechtenstein
2931 January-10 February 1986 India
301–8 July 1986 Colombia
 Saint Lucia
314–7 October 1986 France
3218 November-1 December 1986 Bangladesh
 Singapore
 Fiji
 New Zealand
 Australia
 Seychelles
3331 March-13 April 1987 Chile
 Uruguay
 Argentina
Celebration of World Youth Day in Buenos Aires)
3430 April-4 May 1987 West Germany
358–14 June 1987 Poland

11 June 1987 Pope John Paul II arriving at the military airport at Gdynia on his third Papal visit to Poland.
3610–21 September 1987 United States
 Canada
Visited Miami, Columbia, South Carolina, New Orleans, San Antonio, Phoenix, Los Angeles, Monterey, San Francisco, Detroit),[17] and (Fort Simpson, NT
377–19 May 1988 Uruguay
 Bolivia
 Peru
 Paraguay,
3823–27 June 1988 Austria
3910–20 September 1988 Zimbabwe
 Botswana
 Lesotho
 Swaziland
 Mozambique
 South Africa was excluded from the itinerary because of apartheid, although the flight to Maseru Airport was redirected to Johannesburg Airport and the pope travelled overland to Lesotho.[18]
408–11 October 1988 France
4128 April-6 May 1989 Madagascar
 Réunion
 Zambia
 Malawi
421–10 June 1989 Norway
 Iceland
 Finland
 Denmark
 Sweden
4319–21 August 1989 SpainCelebration of World Youth Day in Santiago de Compostela
446–10 October 1989 South Korea
 Indonesia
 East Timor
 Mauritius
East Timor was a province of Indonesia at the time of this visit

1990s[edit source | editbeta]

The Pope's foreign travel programme for 1994 was suspended due to a fall resulting in hip-replacement surgery. Visits to Belgium, the United States, and Lebanon were cancelled as a result. The visits to Belgium and the Uniteed States took place in 1995, while the visit to Lebanon was delayed until 1997.

Pastoral visit of Pope John Paul II to Bosnia and Herzegovina
There was a plot to assassinate the Pope during his visit to Manila in January 1995, as part of Operation Bojinka, a mass terrorist attack that was developed by Al-Qaeda members Ramzi Yousef and Khalid Sheik Mohammed. A suicide bomber dressed as a priest and planned to use the disguise to get closer to the Pope's motorcade so that he could kill the Pope by detonating himself. Before 15 January, the day on which the men were to attack the Pope during his Philippine visit, an apartment fire brought investigators led by Aida Fariscal to Yousef's laptop computer, which had terrorist plans on it, as well as clothes and items that suggested an assassination plot. Yousef was arrested in Pakistan about a month later, but Khalid Sheik Mohammed was not arrested until 2003. During this trip to the Philippines, on 15 January 1995, the Pope offered Mass to an estimated crowd of 4–5 million in Luneta Park, Manila, the largest papal crowd ever.[19][20] On 19 September 1996, the Pope traveled to Saint-Laurent-sur-Sèvre, France to meditate and pray st the adjacent tombs of Saint Louis de Montfort and Blessed Marie Louise Trichet. On 22 March 1998, during his second visit to Nigeria, he beatified the Nigerian monk Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi.[21] In 1999, John Paul II made a final trip to the United States, this time celebrating Mass in St. Louis in the Edward Jones Dome. Over 104,000 people attended the 27 January Mass, making it the biggest indoor gathering in the United States.[22]
VoyageDateNations VisitedNotes
4525 January-1 February 1990 Cape Verde
 Guinea-Bissau
 Mali
 Burkina Faso
 Chad
4621–22 April 1990 Czechoslovakia
476–14 May 1990 Mexico
 Curaçao
4825–27 May 1990 Malta
491–10 September 1990 Malta
 Tanzania
 Burundi
 Rwanda
 Côte d'Ivoire
Includes stopover in Luqa;
Consecration of the Basilica of Our Lady of Peace of Yamoussoukro
5010–13 May 1991 Portugal
511–9 June 1991 Poland
5213–20 August 1991 Poland
 Hungary
Celebration of World Youth Day in Częstochowa
5312–21 October 1991 Brazil
5419–26 February 1992 Senegal
 The Gambia
 Guinea
554–10 June 1992 Angola
 São Tomé and Príncipe
569–14 October 1992 Dominican Republic
573–10 February 1993 Benin
 Uganda
 Sudan
5825 April 1992 Albania
5912–17 June 1993 Spain
609–16 August 1993 Jamaica
 Mexico
 United States
Celebration of World Youth Day in Denver[23]
614–10 September 1993 Lithuania
 Latvia
 Estonia
Visit to the Hill of Crosses
6210–11 September 1994 Croatia
6311–21 January 1995 Philippines
 Papua New Guinea
 Australia
 Sri Lanka
Celebration of World Youth Day 1995 in Manila
6420–22 May 1995 Czech Republic
653–4 June 1995 Belgium
6630 June-3 July 1995 Slovakia
6714–20 September 1995 Cameroon
 South Africa
 Kenya
684–9 October 1995 United StatesVisited Newark, East Rutherford, New York City, the United Nations,[24] Yonkers, and Baltimore
695–12 February 1996 Guatemala
 Nicaragua
 El Salvador
 Venezuela
7014 April 1996 Tunisia
7117–19 May 1996 Slovenia
7221–23 June 1996 Germany
73(6–7 September 1996 Hungary
7419–22 September 1996 France
7512–13 April 1997 Bosnia and Herzegovina
7625–27 April 1997 Czech Republic
7710–11 May 1997 Lebanon
7831 May -10 June 1997 Poland
7921–24 August 1997 FranceCelebration of World Youth Day in Paris
802–6 October 1997 Brazil
8121–26 January 1998 Cuba
8221–23 March 1998 Nigeria
8319 June 1998 Austria
842–4 October 1998 Croatia
8522–28 January 1999 Mexico
 United States
Visit to St. Louis for the Closing of the Special Assembly for America of the Synod of Bishops
867–9 May 1999 Romania
875–17 June 1999 Poland
8819 September 1999 Slovenia
895–9 November 1999 India
 Georgia

2000s[edit source | editbeta]

In 2000, he became the first modern Catholic pope to visit Egypt, where he met with the Coptic Pope and the Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria.
In May 2001, the Pontiff took a pilgrimage that would trace the steps of his co-namesake, Saint Paul, across the Mediterranean, from Greece to Syria to Malta. John Paul II became the first Pope to visit Greece in 1291 years. The visit was controversial, and the Pontiff was met with protests and snubbed by Eastern Orthodox leaders, none of whom met his arrival.
In Athens, the Pope met with Archbishop Christodoulos, the head of the Greek Orthodox Church in Greece. After a private 30 minute meeting, the two spoke publicly. Christodoulos read a list of "13 offences" of the Roman Catholic Church against the Orthodox Church since the Great Schism, including the pillaging of Constantinople by crusaders in 1204. He also bemoaned the lack of any apology from the Roman Catholic Church, saying that "until now, there has not been heard a single request for pardon" for the "maniacal crusaders of the 13th century".
The Pope responded by saying, "For the occasions past and present, when sons and daughters of the Catholic Church have sinned by action or omission against their Orthodox brothers and sisters, may the Lord grant us forgiveness", to which Christodoulos immediately applauded. John Paul also said that the sacking of Constantinople was a source of "deep regret" for Catholics.
Later, John Paul and Christodoulos met on a spot where Saint Paul had once preached to Athenian Christians. They issued a "common declaration", saying, "We shall do everything in our power, so that the Christian roots of Europe and its Christian soul may be preserved. ... We condemn all recourse to violence, proselytism and fanaticism, in the name of religion." The two leaders then said the Lord's Prayer together, breaking an Orthodox taboo against praying with Catholics.
He was the first Catholic Pope to visit and pray in an Mosque, in Damascus, Syria. He visited the Umayyad Mosque, where John the Baptist is believed to be interred.
In September 2001 amid post-September 11 concerns, he travelled to Kazakhstan, with an audience of largely Muslims, and to Armenia, to participate in the celebration of the 1700 years of Christianity in that nation.[25] The Pope's final visit was to the Marian Shrine of Lourdes in the south of France.
VoyageDateNations VisitedNotes
9024–26 February 2000 EgyptGreat Jubilee pilgrimage to Mount Sinai
9120–26 March 2000 Jordan
 Israel
 Palestine
Great Jubilee pilgrimage to the Holy Land
9212–13 May 2000 PortugalGreat Jubilee pilgrimage to the Marian shrine in Fátima
934–9 May 2001 Greece
 Syria
 Malta
9423–27 June 2001 Ukraine
9522–27 September 2001 Kazakhstan
 Armenia
9622–26 May 2002 Azerbaijan
 Bulgaria
9723 July - 2 August 2002 Canada
 Guatemala
 Mexico
celebration of World Youth Day 2002 in Toronto
9816–19 August 2002 Poland
993–4 May 2003 Spain
1005–9 June 2003 Croatia
10122 June 2003 Bosnia and Herzegovina
10211–14 September 2003 Slovakia
1035–6 June 2004  Switzerland
10414–15 August 2004 France

See also[edit source | editbeta]

References[edit source | editbeta]

  1. Jump up ^ "The Holy See: Jubilee Pilgrimages of the Holy Father". © 2005,2009 The Holy See. Retrieved 2009-01-01. 
  2. Jump up ^ "Viaggi Apostolici del Santo Padre Sua Santità Giovanni Paolo II Statistiche". Vatican News Services. 13 January 2005. Archived from the original on 2011-11-06. (Italian)
  3. Jump up ^ "List of travels of Pope John Paul II". Vatican.va. Archived from the original on 2011-11-06. 
  4. Jump up ^ "Pope John Paul II Timeline". Christian Broadcasting Network. Archived from the original on 2011-11-06. "Aug. 16-19, 2002 -- John Paul II makes his ninth trip to Poland." 
  5. Jump up ^ Bonavia, Carmel G. (18 April 2010). "MaltaPost Pope Benedict XVI commemorative stamp set". The Malta Independent. Archived from the original on 2011-11-06. "Quite unexpectedly, Pope John Paul II was in Malta again for a couple of hours during a stopover at Luqa Airport while on his way to Tanzania on 1 September 1990." 
  6. Jump up ^ "1979: Millions cheer as the Pope comes home". BBC News. 2 June 1979. Archived from the original on 2013-06-30. 
  7. Jump up ^ "Holy Mass at Yankee Stadium - Homily of His Holiness Pope John Paul II". Vatican.va. Archived from the original on June 8, 2013. Retrieved June 8, 2013. 
  8. Jump up ^ McShane, Larry (March 30, 2008). "Final papal visit to Yankee Stadium will pack 'em in". Daily News. Archived from the original on June 8, 2013. Retrieved June 8, 2013. "Benedict becomes the third Pope to say Mass in the iconic ballpark, joining Pope Paul VI in 1965 and Pope John Paul II in 1979." 
  9. Jump up ^ Weigel, George (2005). Witness to Hope: The Biography of Pope John Paul II. Harper Perennial. p. 350. ISBN 0060732032. "On the night of his UN address, John Paul celebrated Mass for 75,000 in Yankee Stadium." 
  10. Jump up ^ Miner, Colin (4 April 2005). "Pontiff Made a Pair of Colorful NYC Visits". The New York Sun. Retrieved 12 February 2013. 
  11. Jump up ^ Davis, Robert (5 October 1979). "Pope John Paul II in Chicago". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 2013-06-30. 
  12. Jump up ^ "Saint Therese of Lisieux - Pope John Paul II visits Lisieux, June 2, 1980". Thereseoflisieux.org. 2 June 1980. Retrieved 16 June 2009. 
  13. Jump up ^ "Saint Therese of Lisieux - Doctor of the Universal Church". Thereseoflisieux.org. 2009. Retrieved 16 June 2009. 
  14. Jump up ^ Sullivan, Robert (2000). Pope John Paul II A Tribute. Life. p. 85. ISBN 0821226770. 
  15. Jump up ^ Weigell p. 435: "The hurriedly arranged papal visit became an opportunity to offer encouragement to a people suffering a bitter defeat."
  16. Jump up ^ "Remarks at the Welcoming Ceremony for Pope John Paul II in Fairbanks, Alaska May 2, 1984". Ronald Reagan Presidential Library. Archived from the original on 2011-11-06. 
  17. Jump up ^ Walsh, May Ann. "Blessed John Paul II's Visits to the United States". United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Archived from the original on 2011-11-06. 
  18. Jump up ^ Geldenhuys, Deon (1990). Isolated States: A Comparative Analysis. Cambridge University Press. p. 228. ISBN 978-0-521-40268-2. Retrieved 12 April 2012. 
  19. Jump up ^ Folkard, Claire, ed. (2003). Guinness World Records 2003. Jim Pattison Group. p. 102. ISBN 978-1892051172. 
  20. Jump up ^ Macdonald, Charles J-H. (2000). Pesigan, Guillermo Mangubat, ed. Old ties and new solidarities: studies on Philippine communities. Loyola Heights, Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. p. 193. ISBN 978-971-550-351-8. Retrieved 27 April 2011. 
  21. Jump up ^ Chidi (22 March 1998). "Blessed Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi". Afrikaworld.net. Archived from the original on 2013-06-30. Retrieved 6 May 2009. 
  22. Jump up ^ "God Bless America! Pope Bids Farewell". Eternal Word Television Network. 28 January 1999. Archived from the original on 2013-06-30. Retrieved 30 June 2013. "Lines several deep wrapped around the Trans World Dome, home of the St. Louis Rams, to enter a temporary cathedral for what is believed to be the largest indoor gathering ever in the United States." 
  23. Jump up ^ "Highlights of President Clinton's First Eighteen Months in the White House". WhiteHouse.gov. Archived from the original on 2013-03-17. 
  24. Jump up ^ United Nations General Assembly Verbotim Report meeting 20 session 50 page 2, His Holiness Pope John Paul II Holy See on 5 October 1995 (retrieved 1 July 2008)
  25. Jump up ^ Henneberger, Melinda (21 September 2001). "Pope to Leave for Kazakhstan and Armenia This Weekend". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2013-06-30. Retrieved 11 January 2009. 

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